Erickson,+Stenzel,+Tinsley

Another clarification... these three bullets WILL be our topics?? Humanitarian Assistance and Global Aid/ Health (I thought) were the same thing... [] This website (above) describes different types of aid. To summarise...:
 * Humanitarian Aid is the aid we give when disaster strikes for other countries... we step in, provide medical assistance, food, take refugees, etc... **Globally**. The organization would be USAID.
 * Developmental Aid is the aid that we provide to help countries form more sustainable economies, by promoting **economic growth**, labor organizations, etc. Organizations that promote this are the World Bank, ActionAid, Caritas(?), and many others...
 * I think our third topic should be MILITARY ASSISTANCE... this one should be easy to do. We can provide examples from wars or even with Haiti... A friend of mine (Zach Preist) was in Haiti and said that when US troops got off the planes, people of Haiti cheered "USA, USA, USA!!!" They were greatful for our help. This could be an inspiring topic to put on our poster...

* The United Nations has set up an agenda concerning the amount of money spent on foreign aid. Countries are obligated to spend .7% of their countries Gross National Product (Income) in dollars. Even the wealthiest countries have failed to meet theses standards- past years have shown .2 to .4% has been spent this way. Where is the United States on this scale? And how is the quality of our aid?
 * Theme:** Assistance
 * Humanitarian Aid- the US gives the most in $ of all countries in the UN
 * Economic Growth (Developmental Aid)- starting labor organizations overseas, etc.

Economic growth is key to transforming the developing world. It is the only way for poor countries to reduce and eventually do away with extreme poverty. Economic growth is the surest way for countries to generate the resources they need to weather global crises - from unstable markets for finance to those for energy and food - and to address their own illiteracy, poor health and other long-term development challenges. Economic growth in developing countries is important to the security of the United States. Poor countries are more susceptible to conflict, can harbor terrorist activity, and are often sources of illegal immigration, epidemic disease, and international crimes such as the trafficking of narcotics and persons. USAID works to help developing countries achieve rapid, sustained and broad-based economic growth – the growth needed to ensure their peoples’ well-being over time. USAID’s Economic Growth Strategy, [|Securing the Future: A Strategy for Economic Growth (April 2008)] guides efforts in this area through three program approaches:
 * Economic Growth-**
 * **Develop Well-Functioning Markets**: USAID programs recognize that economic growth is ultimately based on the ability of enterprises, of all types and sizes, to become more productive. For this reason, USAID works to identify barriers to enterprise growth and to promote legal and regulatory reforms that will ensure a climate for sustained expansion. Emphasis is placed on microeconomic reforms, or reforms that affect enterprises at all levels, from street vendors to family farms to large corporations. USAID also supports macroeconomic reforms, or reforms that affect a country’s national economy, on a more limited basis.
 * **Enhance Access to Productive Activities**: USAID works to ensure that the poor, women and other disadvantaged groups benefit from economic growth. It supports programs that help poor households obtain credit and other financial services needed to start small businesses and undertake other activities that create income. It also provides micro and small enterprises with business services that can improve their productivity and ability to compete in the global marketplace.
 * **Strengthen the International Framework of Policies, Institutions and Public Goods**: USAID supports international research that contributes to economic growth such as the development of new seed varieties that increase crop output and farmers incomes. USAID helps poor countries adopt international standards and practices such as improved procedures for customs and border operations that can lower costs and increase efficiency, and better financial management systems that allow for stronger oversight of government spending and reduce chances for corruption.
 * With focuses on: Water Sanitation, Telecommunications, Education, Agricultrial Development, Workforce Development, Trade Capacity, and Well-governed financial systems.
 * []

Aid Chart
 * You may need to press Ctrl F when you get to this page, then type "graph" in the search box.
 * This also shows specific private contribution aid numbers from different countries, if we want to do private contributions.

[] · Aid is primarily designed to serve the strategic and economic interests of the donor countries; · Or [aid is primarily designed] to benefit powerful domestic interest groups; · Aid systems based on the interests of donors instead of the needs of recipients’ make development assistance inefficient; · Too little aid reaches countries that most desperately need it; and, · All too often, aid is wasted on overpriced goods and services from donor countries." — Pekka Hirvonen, [|Stingy Samaritans; Why Recent Increases in Development Aid Fail to Help the Poor], Global Policy Forum, August 2005 **'** "Aid appears to have established as a priority the importance of influencing domestic policy in the recipient countries" -Benjamin F. Nelson
 * Quotes: **
 * '** "Recent increases [in foreign aid] do not tell the whole truth about rich countries’ generosity, or the lack of it. Measured as a proportion of gross national income (GNI), aid lags far behind the 0.7 percent target the United Nations set 35 years ago. Moreover, development assistance is often of dubious quality. In many cases,

[] [] [] [] [] []
 * Websites: **

Global Aid- Historical Event On September 4, 1961, the Congress passed the [|Foreign Assistance Act], which reorganized the U.S. foreign assistance programs including separating military and non-military aid. The Act mandated the creation of an agency to administer economic assistance programs, and on November 3, 1961, President John F. Kennedy established the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID became the first U.S. foreign assistance organization whose primary emphasis was on long-range economic and social development assistance efforts. Freed from political and military functions that plagued its predecessor organizations, USAID was able to offer direct support to the developing nations of the world. The agency unified already existing U.S. aid efforts, combining the economic and technical assistance operations of the International Cooperation Agency, the loan activities of the Development Loan Fund, the local currency functions of the Export-Import Bank, and the agricultural surplus distribution activities of the Food for Peace program of the Department of Agriculture. While some could argue that the creation of USAID simply represented a bureaucratic reshuffling, the agency, and the legislation creating it, represented a recommitment to the very purposes of overseas development. USAID was established to unify assistance efforts, to provide a new focus on the needs of a changing world, and to assist other countries in maintaining their independence and become self-supporting. Website: []
 * Information:**

Speaking out for Minorities- Historical Event

· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> [|Sub-Saharan Africa], [|Asia] , [|Latin America and the Caribbean] , [|Europe and Eurasia] , and the [|Middle East]
 * The United States GNP has been the lowest percentage every year, but the amount in dollars has been the greatest.
 * USAID provides assistance to five overseas regions:
 * Since 1946, USAID has provided assistance the Republic of Philippines to help with the infrastructure of their economy. We have spent around $5 billion in assistance. The philippines.usaid.gov link above has information about the history of our aid.

I found this website that shows the top US aid recipients and how much they receive:
 * []
 * Israel receives $2,520 billion in aid from the US-- 2006
 * Egypt received $1,795 billion-- 2006
 * Other courties such as Columbia, Jordan, Pakistan, Pereu, Indonesia, Kenya, Bolivia, Ukraine, India, Haiti, Russia, Ethiopia, West Bank/ Gaza, Bangladesh, Liberia, and Bosnia received $ 3,251billion total-- 2006
 * **Columbia** || 558 || 567 || 574 || 538 || 381 || 49 || Drug abatement ||
 * || **Jordan** || 461 || 457 || 559 || 452 || 230 || 228 || To leave Israel alone ||
 * || **Pakistan** || 698 || 537 || 387 || 305 || 893 || 3 || To chase terrorists ||
 * || **Peru** || 133 || 152 || 156 || 189 || 197 || 89 || Drug abatement ||
 * || **Indonesia** || 158 || 135 || 122 || 131 || 124 || 120 || Oil reserves ||
 * || **Kenya** || 213 || 159 || 101 || 52 || 44 || 38 || Free money, [|if you are Christian] ||
 * || **Bolivia** || 122 || 132 || 133 || 137 || 126 || 89 || Drug abatement ||
 * || **Ukraine** || 115 || 93 || 113 || 166 || 163 || 182 || Irritate, weaken Russia ||
 * || **India** || 94 || 92 || 87 || 152 || 79 || 59 || - ||
 * || **Haiti** || 163 || 125 || 101 || 26 || 31 || 48 || - ||
 * || **Russia** || 52 || 91 || 101 || 157 || 165 || 169 || - ||
 * || **Ethiopia** || 145 || 114 || 74 || 52 || 47 || 40 || - ||
 * || **West Bank/ Gaza** || 150 || 74 || 74 || 75 || 72 || 70 || Token response, to "balance" Israel aid ||
 * || **Liberia** || 89 || 44 || 202 || 7 || 5 || 5 || - ||
 * || **Bangladesh** || 49 || 55 || 61 || 65 || 66 || 59 || - ||
 * || **Bosnia** || 51 || 45 || 64 || 53 || 68 || 86 || Reparations ||
 * Here is an interesting article that we may SOMEHOW be able to pull in... Bush funded Christian based foreign aid in 06. []

[|**http://www.usaid.gov/**]
 * __USAID: United States Agency for International Development__**
 * an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State
 * supports long-term and equitable economic growth
 * supports economic growth: agricultural and trade, global health, democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance
 * provide assistance to five regions of the world:
 * Middle East
 * Sub-Saharan Africa
 * Asia
 * Europe and Eurasia
 * Latin America and the Caribbean
 * //Go to website and look at all the programs under **Our Work**: we can choose some of those for our three events, or find other ones.//
 * //**Some topics i liked:**//
 * Global Health:
 * objective is to improve global health, including [|child], [|maternal], and [|reproductive health]
 * reduce abortion and disease, especially [|HIV/AIDS], [|malaria], and [|tuberculosis].
 * American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA): public-private partnerships to strengthen medical centers in developing countries
 * provides grants to competitively selected private, non-profit universities and secondary schools, libraries, and medical centers: []
 * has assisted 237 institutions in over 70 countries
 * facilitated the development and sustainment of superior libraries, schools, and medical centers
 * In coordination with other donors, and a portfolio of grants and with an annual budget in fiscal year 2007 of nearly $4.15 billion
 * Humanitarian Assistance:
 * aid to those in crisis, i.e.: hurricane or natural disaster, war, Famine
 * Programs: [|Food for peace], [|Foreign disaster Asisstance], [|The Funds]: consist of 3 separate programs operated together
 * HIV/AIDS prevention and education:
 * program started in 1986
 * investing more than $7 billion to fight the pandemic
 * today more than 33 billion people are living or are infected with HIV/AIDS
 * Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS relief (PEPFAR)
 * provide training, expert technical assistance, and essential supplies, including pharmaceuticals, to prevent and reduce the transmission of HIV, and provide care and treatment to people living with and affected by the disease.
 * Enviornment:
 * Climate Change
 * Forests
 * Energy effeciency
 * Pollution Prevention

The Center for Global Prosperity, from the Hudson Institute, (whose director is Adelman) published its first [|Index of Global Philanthropy] in 2006, which contained updated numbers from those stated above. The total of US private giving, since Adelman’s previous report, had increased to a massive $71 billion in 2004. Page 16 of their report breaks it down as follows: While the majority of the increase was personal remittances ($18 bn in 2000 to $47 bn in 2004), other areas has also seen increases.
 * Private Contributions:
 * International giving by US foundations: $3.4 billion
 * Charitable giving by US businesses: $4.9 billion
 * American NGOs: $9.7
 * Religious overseas ministries: $4.5
 * US colleges scholarships to foreign students: $1.7 billion
 * Personal remittances from the US to developing countries: $47 billion.

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 * Ok so I think what we should do is choose three of the programs under USAID. Talk about how The Foreign Assistance Act lead to the creation of USAID.
 * The Article about Bush and evangelism could be included with the Humanitarian Assistance: article talks about Food for the Hungry program which is christian based, Bush appointed someone from that program to a chairman for USAID